Rheumatoid arthritis causes damage mediated by cytokines, chemokines, and metalloproteases. read more, rheumatic disorders (eg, rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that primarily involves the joints. Diagnosis is suspected clinically and confirmed by imaging (primarily. read more, chronic exposure to loud noise, head trauma Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is physical injury to brain tissue that temporarily or permanently impairs brain function. Symptoms include painless otorrhea with conductive hearing. ![]() Past medical history should note previous possibly causative disorders, including central nervous system infection, repeated ear infections Otitis Media (Chronic Suppurative) Chronic suppurative otitis media is a persistent, chronically draining (> 6 weeks), suppurative perforation of the tympanic membrane. In contrast to most other causes of sensorineural hearing losses, noise-induced hearing loss may be less severe at 8 kHz than at 4 kHz. Hearing loss typically occurs first at 4 kHz and gradually spreads to the lower and higher frequencies as exposure continues. Repeated exposure to loud noise ultimately results in loss of hair cells in the organ of Corti. Although people vary somewhat in susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss, nearly everyone loses some hearing if they are exposed to sufficiently intense noise for an adequate time. More than 10% of people in the US have some degree of hearing loss that compromises their. Even before hearing loss can be documented, noise exposure can damage auditory neurons and their synapses on hair cells this damage is referred to as "hidden hearing loss" or "synaptopathy," and patients may notice difficulty hearing in noisy environments and have accelerated age-related hearing loss ( 1 Etiology reference Worldwide, about half a billion people (almost 8% of the world's population) have hearing loss ( 1). In noise-induced hearing loss, the loss develops over time because of chronic exposure to noise > 85 decibels (dB-see ). The loss is usually temporary (unless there is also blast damage, which may destroy the tympanic membrane, ossicles, or both). In acoustic trauma, hearing loss results from exposure to a single, extreme noise (eg, a nearby gunshot or explosion) some patients develop tinnitus as well. Noise can cause sudden or gradual sensorineural hearing loss. It is estimated that about 30 million people in the US are exposed to injurious levels of noise on a daily basis. read more ), which is directly related to a combination of aging, noise exposure, and genetic factors. Older adults typically experience a progressive decrease in hearing ( presbycusis Presbycusis Worldwide, about half a billion people (almost 8% of the world's population) have hearing loss ( 1). Adolescents are at risk from excessive exposure to noise, head trauma, or both. During childhood, another 2 to 3/1000 children acquire moderate to severe hearing loss. Two to 3 times as many are born with lesser hearing loss. About 1/800 to 1/1000 neonates are born with severe to profound hearing loss. ![]() More than 10% of people in the US have some degree of hearing loss that compromises their daily communication, making it the most common sensory disorder. Worldwide, about half a billion people (almost 8% of the world's population) have hearing loss ( 1 General reference Worldwide, about half a billion people (almost 8% of the world's population) have hearing loss ( 1).
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